ABSTRACT
Objetivo: Evaluar el grado de concordancia entre la manometría anorrectal y la ecografía dinámica del piso pelviano (ecodefecografía) mediante la medición del índice kappa, en la detección de la contracción paradojal del haz puborrectal en pacientes que presentan dificultad evacuatoria (DE) ocasionada por pujo disinergico. Material y Método: Se efectuaron manometría anorrectal y ecodefecografía, en 89 pacientes (9 hombres y 80 mujeres) en un centro ambulatorio de coloproctología, a pacientes que presentaban síntomas de obstrucción defecatoria en el período comprendido entre mayo 2011 y mayo 2014. Se reportó la presencia de contracción paradojal del haz puborrectal durante el pujo en las manometrías. En la ecodefecografía se analizó el movimiento del músculo puborrectal, comparando el ángulo anorrectal. durante el reposo y pujo. En caso de constatarse una disminución del mismo durante el esfuerzo evacuatorio se interpreto como contracción paradojal del haz puborrectal. Resultados:. Se obtuvo un índice kappa de 0.87 (IC 95% 0,73-0,97), dando un muy buen grado de acuerdo entre los resultados de ambos estudios, con resultados estadísticamente significativos (p=0,05). Conclusión: La ecodefecografía es una herramienta útil que puede confirmar casos de disinergia demostrada por manometría, pero si bien ambos métodos presentan muy buen grado de acuerdo entre sí, ningún estudio puede reemplazar al otro ya que ambos métodos tienen sus resultados falsos positivos.
Objective: To assess the degree of agreement between anorectal manometry and dynamic pelvic floor ultrasound (echodefecography) by calculating kappa index in patients with symptoms of obstructed defecation. Material and Methods: Anorectal manometry and echodefecography were performed in patients with obstructed defecation symtpoms between May 2011 and May 2014. When the anorectal manometry was performed, the pressures during attempted defecation were recorded. Dyssinergic pattern was defined if a rise in pressures was noted. When the echodefecography was performed, the angle between the internal edges of the puborectalis with a vertical line according to the anal canal axis was calcultated at rest and during straining. Results: Anorectal manometry and echodefecography was performed in 89 patients with defecatory disturbances symptoms. Male:female 9male, the mean age of patients was 57 years old (range 25-78). The assessment of the degree of agreement or concordance between dynamic ultrasound and anorectal manometry yielded a kappa index of 0.87 (very good agreement) with statistically significant results (p=0.05). Conclusion: Ultrasonography may be used to assess patients with obstructed defecation, as it is able to detect the same anorrectal dysfuntions found by another pelvic floor studies. It is a minimally invasive, well tolerated method, and avoids exposure to radiation. Although both methods shows very good agreement with each other, they cannot replace them since both methods have false positive results.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Constipation/diagnosis , Constipation/physiopathology , Defecography/methods , Manometry/methods , Anal Canal/diagnostic imaging , Anal Canal/physiopathology , Pelvic Floor/physiopathology , Rectum/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Objetivos: describir un reciente método para evaluar pacientes con síntomas de obstrucción del tracto de salida, y mostrar nuestra experiencia inicial y resultados obtenidos. Material y Métodos: se estudiaron, en el período comprendido entre mayo 2011 y mayo 2013, a pacientes con síntomas de dificultad evacuatoria utilizando la ecografía anorrectal dinámica según la técnica descripta. Los estudios fueron efectuados por 2 operadores entrenados en el método. Resultados: se realizaron 89 ecodefecografías en 88 pacientes, en un período de 24 meses. La ecodefecografía detectó rectocele en el 65% de los pacientes estudiados, seguido de intususcepción y anismo en el 54 y 45%, respectivamente. Conclusión: la ecodefecografía es un método útil para evaluar pacientes con síntomas de obstrucción del tracto de salida. Permite obtener los mismos resultados que la videodefecografía. Es un estudio mínimamente invasivo, evita la exposición a radiación y pone en evidencia todas las estructuras anatómicas involucradas en la evacuación.
Purpose: to describe a novel method to assess Obstructed Defecation Syndrome (ODS) and to show the results of our experience. Material and Methods: patients referred with symptoms of ODS between May 2011 and May 2013 were studied by anorrectal dynamic ultrasonography technique. We use the technique of echodefecography described by Murah-Regadas et al. The test was analyzed by two experienced investigators. Results: we performed 89 echodefecography in 88 patients in a period of 24 months. EDF revealed rectocele in 65%, intussusception in 54% and anismus in 45% of patients. Conclusion: echodefecography may be used to assess patients with obstructed defecation, as it is able to detect the same anorrectal dysfunctions found by defecography. It is a minimally invasive, well tolerated method, that avoids exposure to radiation and clearly shows all the anatomical structures involved in defecation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Defecography/methods , Intestinal Obstruction/diagnosis , Constipation/diagnosis , Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methodsABSTRACT
Introducción: La constipación es una enfermedad de alta prevalencia en nuestro medio. Aunque el tratamiento quirúrgico es la última opción para estos pacientes, sigue brindando una buena alternativa para esta patología. Buscamos las alteraciones orgánicas subyacentes. Material y métodos: Operamos 40 pacientes entre enero 2006 y diciembre 2009, con diagnóstico de constipación crónica severa clinicamente intratable. 8 eran hombres. El promedio de edad fue de 47.4 años. Comparamos los hallazgos anátomo-patológicos con pacientes no constipados. A todos los pacientes les realizamos tránsito colónico con marcadores, colon por enema y eventualmente defecografia. Resultados: Del total de 40 pacientes, 9 tuvieron diagnóstico de inercia colónica segmentaria, 7 de inercia colónica total y 24 pacientes con tránsito colónico normal. Realizamos 40 colectomías totales. No hubo mortalidad en la serie. No hubo dehiscencias anastomóticas. Todas las anastomosis fueron al recto. 4 pacientes habían tenido resecciones segmentarias previamente. Encontramos en la anatomía patológica de todos los pacientes alteraciones en la forma, estructura y número de las células ganglionares colónicas tanto en el plexo submucoso como en el muscular. Además encontramos otras alteraciones como edema de la submucosa y proliferación angiolipomatosa. Conclusiones: La cirugía de la constipación no solo brindó una terapéutica específica para esta patología, sino también nos brindó una oportunidad de empezar a conocer las alteraciones histológicas subyacentes a esta enfermedad.
Introduction: Constipation is a highly prevalent disease in our area. Although surgical treatment is the last option for these patients, it is still a good choice for this pathology. We want to examine the underlying structural changes. Material and method: From January 2006 to December 2009. 40 patients were operated. The diagnosis was severe chronic constipation, unable to be treated. 8 patients were male. Average age was 47.4 years old. Pathological findings were compared with no constipated patients. All the patients underwent colon transit with markers, barium enema and an eventual defecography. Results: From the total amount of 40 patients, 7 were diagnosed with segmental colonic inertia, 9 with total colonic inertia and 24 patients with normal colonic transit. 40 total colectomies were performed. Mortality was not present in this group. There were no anastomotic dehiscence. All anastomosis were in the superior rectum. 4 patients have had segmental resections before the total colectomy. In the pathological findings of all patients, changes in shape, number and structure of the colon ganglionic cells were observed, both in the submucosal and muscular plexus. Besides, other alterations such as submucosal edema and angiolipomatous proliferation were observed. Conclusions: Constipation surgery offered not only a specific therapy for this pathology, but also an opportunity to know the underlying changes of this disease.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Colectomy/methods , Constipation/surgery , Acute Disease , Chronic Disease , Defecography/methods , Gastrointestinal MotilityABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the predictive capability of anorectal physiologic tests for unfavorable outcomes prior to the initiation of biofeedback therapy in patients with dyssynergic defecation. We analyzed a total of 80 consecutive patients who received biofeedback therapy for chronic idiopathic functional constipation with dyssynergic defecation. After classifying the patients into two groups (responders and non-responders), univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the predictors associated with the responsiveness to biofeedback therapy. Of the 80 patients, 63 (78.7%) responded to biofeedback therapy and 17 (21.3%) did not. On univariate analysis, the inability to evacuate an intrarectal balloon (P=0.028), higher rectal volume for first, urgent, and maximal sensation (P=0.023, P=0.008, P=0.007, respectively), and increased anorectal angle during squeeze (P=0.020) were associated with poor outcomes. On multivariate analysis, the inability to evacuate an intrarectal balloon (P=0.018) and increased anorectal angle during squeeze (P=0.029) were both found to be independently associated with a lack of response to biofeedback therapy. Our data show that the two anorectal physiologic test factors are associated with poor response to biofeedback therapy for patients with dyssynergic defecation. These findings may assist physicians in predicting the responsiveness to therapy for this patient population.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anal Canal/physiopathology , Ataxia/physiopathology , Biofeedback, Psychology , Constipation/physiopathology , Defecation/physiology , Defecography/methods , Multivariate Analysis , Predictive Value of Tests , Rectum/physiopathology , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do tratamento convencional da constipação crônica funcional no tempo de trânsito colônico total e segmentar e no tempo de trânsito orocecal. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 34 pacientes com constipação funcional atendidos consecutivamente em ambulatório especializado. O tempo de trânsito colônico total e segmentar foi avaliado com marcadores radiopacos. O tempo de trânsito orocecal da lactulose e do feijão foi avaliado com teste do hidrogênio no ar expirado. O tratamento constou de desimpactação, orientações gerais e de consumo de dieta rica em fibra alimentar e administração de óleo mineral. RESULTADOS: Na admissão, dismotilidade colônica foi encontrada em 71,9 por cento (23/32) dos pacientes. Todos os pacientes que realizaram corretamente o tratamento apresentaram melhora clínica na sexta semana do tratamento quando 82,6 por cento (19/23) daqueles com dismotilidade na admissão apresentaram normalização ou diminuição da gravidade no padrão de trânsito colônico. Observou-se redução do tempo de trânsito (medianas) entre a admissão e a oitava semana de tratamento: trânsito orocecal da lactulose (de 70 para 50 minutos, p = 0,002), orocecal do feijão (de 240 para 220 minutos, p = 0,002) e colônico total (de 69,5 para 37,0 horas, p = 0,001). A necessidade de uso de óleo mineral para controle da constipação aos 12 meses de tratamento associou-se com persistência de trânsito colônico total superior a 62 horas na oitava semana de tratamento (p = 0,014). CONCLUSÃO: O programa terapêutico convencional proporcionou bons resultados independentemente da presença ou não de dismotilidade colônica na admissão ao estudo. As anormalidades da motilidade digestiva na constipação funcional da criança podem apresentar reversibilidade e ser de natureza secundária.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of conventional treatment of chronic functional constipation on total and segmental colonic transit times and on orocecal transit time. METHODS: A total of 34 consecutive patients with functional constipation attending a specialized outpatient clinic were included in the study. Total and segmental colonic transit times were assessed using radiopaque markers. Hydrogen breath test was used to evaluate lactulose and bean orocecal transit times. Treatment consisted of disimpaction, general and dietary fiber intake instruction, and mineral oil administration. RESULTS: At admission, colonic dysmotility was found in 71.9 percent (23/32) of patients. All patients who complied with the treatment showed improvement of clinical symptoms after 6 weeks of treatment, when 82.6 percent (19/23) of those with dysmotility at admission returned to normal or reduced the severity of colonic transit patterns. Transit time decreased (medians) between admission and eighth week of treatment: lactulose orocecal transit (from 70 to 50 minutes, p = 0.002), bean orocecal transit (from 240 to 220 minutes, p = 0.002), and total colonic transit (from 69.5 to 37.0 hours, p = 0.001). The need for mineral oil therapy for constipation after a 12-month treatment was associated with persistence of total colonic transit higher than 62 hours at the eighth week of treatment (p = 0.014). CONCLUSION: The conventional therapeutic approach yielded good results regardless of the presence or not of colonic dysmotility at inclusion in the study. Digestive tract motility abnormalities in functionally constipated children may be reversed, and may be secondary to constipation.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Constipation/therapy , Gastrointestinal Transit/physiology , Chronic Disease , Defecography/methods , Dietary Fiber/therapeutic use , Fabaceae/metabolism , Gastrointestinal Motility/drug effects , Gastrointestinal Motility/physiology , Gastrointestinal Transit/drug effects , Lactulose/metabolism , Mineral Oil/therapeutic use , Prospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time FactorsABSTRACT
CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: O exame de defecografia tem sido reconhecido como método valioso para avaliação de pacientes com distúrbios da evacuação. A defecografia consiste em registrar, por meio de fluoroscopia e radiografias estáticas, diferentes situações da dinâmica anorretal. No método convencional, as radiografias são utilizadas para o cálculo de parâmetros retais. É rara a utilização apenas de fluoroscopia. Um programa de computador foi desenvolvido para calcular esses parâmetros através da digitalização das imagens registradas em vídeo pela fluoroscopia, criando um método de videodefecografia computadorizada. Assim, o objetivo foi de comparar os valores de parâmetros da defecografia calculados pelo método computadorizado proposto com aqueles obtidos por método convencional e de discutir as vantagens do novo método. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo prospectivo no serviço de Radiologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo. MÉTODO: Dez indivíduos voluntários normais foram submetidos ao exame de defecografia, no qual foram obtidas, a partir do método convencional (por meio de radiografias) e do método computadorizado (videodefecografia computadorizada), as seguintes medidas: ângulo anorretal, junção anorretal, comprimento do músculo puborretal, comprimento do canal anal e grau de abertura do ânus em cada uma das fases do exame. As avaliações e a análise dos parâmetros defecográficos acima descritos foram realizadas por dois observadores médicos independentes. RESULTADOS: Os resultados obtidos, após análise estatística, comprovaram a equivalência do método da videodefecografia computadorizada comparado ao método convencional. CONCLUSÕES: A videodefecografia computadorizada é método equivalente ao método tradicional de defecografia que permite menor exposição do paciente à irradiação por dispensar o uso de radiografias
Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Defecography/methods , Fluoroscopy/methods , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Rectum , Videotape Recording , Analysis of Variance , Observer Variation , Prospective Studies , Rectum/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
A defecografia é exame de imagem valioso no estudo da fisiologia anorretal e, portanto, com extensa aplicação na avaliação e diagnóstico de diversas afecções coloproctológicas que cursam com sintomas de constipação, sensação de evacuação incompleta, incontinência fecal, dor pélvica obscura, proctalgia e tenesmo, entre outras. Além disso, em algumas situações após cirurgia anorretocólica, pode ser utilizada como método de avaliação do resultado e acompanhamento pós-operatório. Nas últimas décadas tem-se observado aumento do interesse da comunidade médica pelo exame, em parte, pelo melhor entendimento da fisiopatologia dos distúrbios colorretais e, também, pelo aprimoramento da técnica, como é o exemplo da videodefecografia dinâmica computadorizada, que permitiu maior difusão e melhora na qualidade do exame. Diversos aspectos da defecografia são discutidos neste artigo, desde indicações para o exame, metodologia, até interpretação dos resultados. A técnica do exame, incluindo princípios básicos e os avanços mais recentes, também foi abordada.
Defecography is a valuable imaging method to assess changes within the pelvis and rectum during evacuation. Therefore, it has been extensively used to evaluate colorectal complaints such as constipation, dyschezia, faecal incontinence, interrupted defecation, anorectal pain and others. Furthermore, the technique can be used to evaluate the postoperative results and follow-up. In the last years, physicians' interest in this examination has greatly increased, in part due to the better understanding of the pathophysiology of colorectal disorders and also to the advances of the technique (e.g. computerized dynamic videodefecography extended the access to the test reducing radiation and improving the image quality). We discuss several aspects of defecography including the indications for the test and the methodology and interpretation of the results. The technique, including the basic principles and advances, are also discussed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Defecation , Defecography/methods , Fecal Incontinence/physiopathology , Constipation , Diagnostic Imaging , Defecation/physiology , Fecal Incontinence/diagnosisABSTRACT
Defecography of twenty-seven cases of anorectal disorders with an age range from 22 to 86 years, were evaluated from June 1989 to February 1999. There were 24 patients with constipation, 2 patients with incomplete defecation and mucous bloody stool in one case. The defecographic results were analyzed regarding the following 1) anorectal angle, defined both at rest and straining 2) abnormalities of the rectal configuration during straining, including rectocele, intussusception, infolding and ulceration. 3) pelvic floor descent. The results showed abnormal anorectal angle 5 cases, rectocele 15 cases, intussusception of the rectal wall 3 cases, infolding 11 cases, ulceration 7 cases and anal canal constriction 1 case. Consequently, the patients with anorectal disorders were found to have a variety of rectal abnormalities in which the defecography would be the imaging tool in demonstrating them.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anus Diseases/etiology , Constipation/etiology , Defecation , Defecography/methods , Female , Humans , Intussusception/etiology , Male , Middle Aged , Rectal Diseases/etiology , Rectocele/etiology , Rest , Retrospective Studies , ThailandABSTRACT
Iniciar la experiencia en Venezuela de implante de prótesis de esfínter anal artificial para pacientes seleccinados con incontinencia anal. Descripción de caso clínico de una paciente con incontiencia anal, posterior a intervención quirúrgica. Se realizó intervención quirúrgica el día 4 de agosto de 1999, en la que se practicó miorrafia de los músculos elevadores del ano e implante de una prótesis de esfínter anal artificial American Medical Systems, Inc. Hospital "Miguel Pérez Carreño", Servicio de Cirugía IV, Caracas-Venezuela. Se logró continencia completa desde las seis semanas con el dispositivo en funcionamiento. La prótesis de esfínter anal artificial puede constituir en la actualidad la opción terapéutica más efectiva y fisiológica para el control de la incontinencia anal en pacientes seleccionados.